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Drug Use and Drug Programs in the Washington Metropolitan Area. Tip: In the example case studies, the involvement of older syndicate members was intended to create peer pressure on high-risk members to desist from engaging in violence. (1999); Wright and Pease (1997). Capowich, G., and J. Roehl (1994). [2][10] Similarly, in Cincinnati in 1997, which had an population of about 333,210, between 800 and 1,000 individualsless than 0.3% of the populationwere identified as being group related, and were responsible for 75% of the city's homicides. At a minimum, police should coordinate crackdowns with other agencies the increased workload will affect. Pros. As a result of the initiative, merchants reported that business had increased, they felt safer on University Avenue , and they were seeing more families and shoppers on the street. A locked padlock Police also posted fliers on storefronts, on electrical boxes, on planters, on windows, at bus stops, and in places identified as drug-dealing sites. Boston 2001). The plan is based on the work of criminologist David M. Kennedy. This guide deals with crackdowns, a response police commonly use to address crime and disorder problems. There is no universally accepted definition of a ceasefire, and the use of the term varies widely. (1974). Tactical Narcotics Teams in New York : An Evaluation of TNT. (Bolton, UK), 2004, The Martin Cordner, G. (1996). Washington , D.C. : U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. 0000001191 00000 n (1999). Cambridge , Mass. For the purposes of this guide, a crackdown is generally defined as follows: Sudden and dramatic increases in police officer presence, sanctions, and threats of apprehension either for specific offenses or for all offenses in specific places. PDF Reducing Gun Violence: The Boston Gun Project's Operation Ceasefire Department, 1999, Ticketing As initial enforcement reduces the number of offenders in circulation, the remaining offenders are at even greater risk because police can focus their resources on them. Accordingly, you should not use only this table to inform your decision-making about crackdowns. Weiss, A., and S. Freels (1996). "Deterrent Effects of the Police on Crime: A Replication and Theoretical Extension." Estate, Devon and Cornwall Constabulary (Exeter, UK), 2004, Home They may nevertheless contain useful information [2] Youth homicide (ages 24 and under) in Boston increased 230% - from 22 victims in 1987 to 73 in 1990. In a gun crackdown in Indianapolis , police used two different tacticsone was to make a lot of short traffic stops of limited intrusiveness, and another was to target known offenders in high-crime areas and make longer stops with more aggressive follow-up investigation.