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The two powers mutually prepared to settle the question by arms. Even that is not left to the Commander-in-Chief. endobj <> Untitled Document [www.ucl.ac.uk] That is a matter of taste which every man must decide for himself. They must suffer constant persecution or be exiled. endobj Since, then, the President cannot enact, alter, or modify a single law; cannot even create a petty office within his own sphere of duties; if, in short, he is the mere servant of the people, who issue their commands to him through Congress, whence does he derive the constitutional power to create new States; to remodel old ones; to dictate organic laws; to fix the qualification of voters; to declare that States are republican and entitled to command Congress to admit their Representatives? These extreme measures allowed Stevens to push through the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau, created to help former slaves, as well as the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which defined citizenship as including anyone born in the United States without regard to race (a provision enshrined a few years later in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution). Their subjects had liberty of motion and of labor, but the laws were made without and against their will; but I must declare that, in my judgment, they were as really free governments as ours is to-day. Congress also prescribes the rules and regulations to govern the Army. How difficult in a day to unlearn it. Congressional Globe, 39th Cong., 2nd sess., Jan. 3, 1867, pp. Congress is the only power that can act in the matter. After Stevens's death in 1868, the Freedmen's Bureau was chronically underfunded, and although many African Americans held political office in the reconstructed states, the power of the former Confederates rose again through terrorist organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan. Born in Danville, Vermont, in 1792, Stevens grew up poor, yet he graduated from Dartmouth College and became an attorney before entering politics in 1833. There are periods in the history of nations when statesmen can make themselves names for posterity; but such occasions are never improved by cowards. Stevens successfully prevented the first few new state governments implemented under Lincoln and Johnson's Reconstruction plan from being recognized, refusing to seat the senators and representatives elected by those states. stream Let us at least escape that condition. ascendency to the party of the Union; and so as to render RECONSTRUCTION.; Hon. Thaddeus Stevens on the Great Topic of the Hour Stevens became a natural leader in Congress and served as a member of the House until his death in 1868. The war was acknowledged by other nations as a public war between independent belligerents. This amendment once adopted cannot be annulled without two thirds of Congress.